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Absolute and Relative Error Calculation

Absolute error and relative error are two types of experimental error. Youll need to calculate both types of error in science, so its good to understand the difference between them and how to calculate them. Absolute Error Absolute error is a measure of how far off a measurement is from a true value or an indication of the uncertainty in a measurement. For example, if you measure the width of a book using a ruler with millimeter marks, the best you can do is measure the width of the book to the nearest millimeter. You measure the book and find it to be 75 mm. You report the absolute error in the measurement as 75 mm /- 1 mm. The absolute error is 1 mm. Note that absolute error is reported in the same units as the measurement. Alternatively, you may have a known or calculated value and you want to use absolute error to express how close your measurement is to the ideal value. Here absolute error is expressed as the difference between the expected and actual values. Absolute Error Actual Value - Measured Value For example, if you know a procedure is supposed to yield 1.0 liters of solution and you obtain 0.9 liters of solution, your absolute error is 1.0 - 0.9 0.1 liters. Relative Error You first need to determine absolute error to calculate relative error.  Relative error expresses how large the absolute error is compared with the total size of the object you are measuring. Relative error is expressed as a fraction or is multiplied by 100 and expressed as  a percent. Relative Error Absolute Error / Known Value For example, a drivers speedometer says his car is going 60 miles per hour (mph) when its actually going 62 mph. The absolute error of his speedometer is 62 mph - 60 mph 2 mph. The relative error of the measurement is 2 mph / 60 mph 0.033 or 3.3% Sources Hazewinkel, Michiel, ed. (2001). Theory of Errors. Encyclopedia of Mathematics. Springer ScienceBusiness Media B.V. / Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-1-55608-010-4.Steel, Robert G. D.; Torrie, James H. (1960). Principles and Procedures of Statistics, With Special Reference to Biological Sciences. McGraw-Hill.

Essay on Porters Diamond Model - 29755 Words

ASSESSING THE POWER OF PORTERS DIAMOND MODEL IN THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN MEXICO AFTER TEN YEARS OF NAFTA SALVADOR BARRAGAN Master in Business Administration, IPADE Business School, 1996 BSc in Industrial Engineering, Universidad Panamericana, 1994 A Research Project Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies of the University of Lethbridge in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MANAGEMENT Faculty of Management University of Lethbridge LETHBRIDGE, ALBERTA, CANADA  © Salvador Barragà ¡n, 2005 ii Abstract It has been ten years since the signature of the NAFTA agreement among Canada, U.S., and Mexico. For Mexico, this was a decisive step away from a protectionism model toward a†¦show more content†¦10 2.2.1. The Doubled Diamond vs. a Single National Diamond ................................. 11 2.2.2. The Role of the Multinational Enterprises (MNE’s) as Empowering Developing Countries rather than Constraining their Growth.................................. 12 3. Research Setting: Why Use Mexico to Study Porter’s Diamond? ............................... 17 4. Research Questions....................................................................................................... 19 5. Methodology ................................................................................................................. 20 5.1. Positioning the International Competitiveness of the Industry.............................. 22 5.2. Addressing the Research Questions................... .................................................... 23 6. Results........................................................................................................................... 28 6.1. The Competitiveness of the Automobile Industry in Mexico................................ 28 6.2. Positioning the Industry as Internationally Competitive ....................................... 29 6.3. Using Porter’s Diamond to Assess Sources of Competitive Advantage in the Automobile Industry in Mexico: 1993-2003. ............................................................... 39 6.3.1. FactorShow MoreRelatedPorters Diamond Model vs Indian Software840 Words   |  4 Pages624 September 15, 2011 Porter’s Diamond of National Advantage and How it Decribes the Success of the Indian Software Industry In the article â€Å"The Competitive Advantage of Nations† Michael Porter describes a diamond shaped relationship of forces that define a country’s potential for being competitive in a specified industry. 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The term globalization was used to describeRead MoreThe Concept Of National Competitiveness1492 Words   |  6 Pagesstandard of living in the nation( Kitson, Martin, Tyler, 2004). Porter breaks competitiveness down by looking for the characteristics of a nation that allows the companies within it to create and sustain competitive advantage. Through his Diamond Model he looks to explain what it is about a nation that provides a favorable home base for companies that compete on an international stage ( Kitson, Martin, Tyler, 2004). This paper reviews five, scholarly peer reviewed articles that address nationalRead MoreDiscuss in Detail the Application of Professor Michael Potters Diamond Model in the Kenyan Vision 2030: Advantages and Implications1124 Words   |  5 PagesBibliography Alan M. Rugman and Alain Verbeke1993, [35(4)] How to Operationalize Porter’s Diamond of International Competitiveness; Thunderbird International Business Review (ISSN 1096-4762) Wiley United States Charles W.L. Hill 2008, International Business; McGraw Hill United States ISBN 0073381349 John D. Daniels, Lee H. Radebaugh and Daniel P. Sullivan 2006, International Business: Environments and Operations; Prentice Hall United States ISBN 0131869426 Michael E. Porter1990, Competitive Advantages

Computer and Device Defense free essay sample

Drivers (small piece of software) are very useful programs which aid the operating system to reach out to the physical devices and tell the physical components / peripherals of the computer system how to operate, work or perform. The physical / hardware components include various devices / peripherals like sound card, DVD player, video card, graphics card etc. Basically these drivers properly control, communicate and maintain a device and every computer device should have drivers of its own to work properly, efficiently and fast. Many drivers come with the windows operating system (preinstalled) others have to be manually installed according to the requirement.When a new physical device or a peripheral device is connected to the computer system at that moment when it detects the device, you come to know whether the driver is installed on your device or it is not.Some drivers in personal computer needs to be updated to a latest version of them, so that the performance can be improved. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer and Device Defense or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to do that we need to update our drivers locally from the windows 7 or download a third party software to scan for the drivers and update them automatically.We can update our basic drivers by:†¢ Clicking on the Start Button on the screen.†¢ Then you have to look for the Device Manager into the computer by searching it or going to control panel, select the device manager to open the device manager.†¢ Now you will see various groups, you have to open / expand a group to know what device it is. †¢ After that you right click on the device and select Update Driver. For example if you have to update graphic card then open / expand Sound Adaptors etc.†¢ In the next step you will options, select the option â€Å"Search automatically for updated driver SW†.†¢ The drivers will now be updated / installed successfully.†¢ If the drivers are not detected locally then they can be searched on google and download them to install the desired drivers.This is the easiest way to install or update drivers in windows 7.